International Summer School of Mongolian Studies

 

Background

 

The National University of Mongolia welcomes you to the International Summer School of Mongolian Studies – an exciting program with chances to explore magnificent natural, historical and cultural heritage of Mongolia, meet local people and students and learn about the last remaining nomadic civilization coexisting with contemporary urban life.

 

The International Summer School of Mongolian Studies is a unique opportunity for international undergraduates, graduates and continuing education students to actively participate in many different seminars, activities and trips. The participants gain an appreciation of the Mongolian history, culture and traditions, modern society, biodiversity and landscapes.

 

By visiting herdsmen families, you will have a chance to learn about everyday life of nomads. It is a journay to lives of ordinary Mongolians that will provide you with insight into traditional ways of using pastureland, water and forests and help you understand the values of natural resources for the rural people and their livelihoods. Relatively untouched large scale landscapes and rich biodiversity make the international students feel like tourists and scientists at the same time. The students seek answers how Mongolian economy can sustain without damage to the beauty of nature, nomadic culture and traditions and heritage. Furthermore, the students will learn about how Mongolia has embraced a market economy and built democratic society.

 

Eligibility: International undergraduates, graduates, continuing education students and adults.

Language of Instruction: English

 

Important Dates:

·    Deadline to submit application: May 22, 2009 , Friday

·      Payment of Tuition:  Before 25 June, Thursday

·        Admission Letter Sent to Students: June 1-5, Monday-Friday

·    Arrival: 25 -28 June, 2009

·        Registration: 25-28 June, 2009

·        Departure: 24-26 July, 2009 Friday-Sunday

 

Program Outline - download

 

Tentative Program Outline - download

 

Program Price

·        Application fee: US$20 – To pay after arrival

·       Tuition fee: US$700- To pay after arrival /by cash to the National University of Mongolia/

·      Total US$ 720

 

The price includes program fees, books and handouts, transportation, sightseeing, accommodation and countryside trips. It does not include international and domestic airfare, visa fee, medical insurance,  travel insurance, food and miscellaneous personal expenses.

 

 

Accommodation

The students stay in a shared room of the International Student Dormitory. If you request, we can arrange host family for the students. In will cost $250 in addition to the program price and includes occasional meals. During the trips to the countryside, the students sleep in a tent or Yurt (Ger), traditional dwellings of the nomads.

 

How to Apply

 

The interested students should send the completed application form (with a photo), passport copy, home address and address of your university to the Office for International Affairs. Please download the application form here

 

Application Form for Summer Program (PDF) - download

Pick Up Form (word) - download

 

 

Contact information

Office for International Affairs, National University of Mongolia,

Ikh surguuliin gudamj-1, POB 46A/523.Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia

Tel/Fax:976-11-320159

E-mail: mendbayar_oia@num.edu.mn

  zulbadam@num.edu.mn

   solongo@num.edu.mn

 

  

Visit website: www.num.edu.mn /english/





비록 이미 신청기간이 지났지만, 아는 분이 있어서 별 상관은 없습니다.

갈까요? 말까요? 음;;;;; 땡기기도 하지만....음......아...후...

솔직히 무지막지 가고 싶은데 졸업논문....이라는 장벽이....


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몽골어 타자 연습 프로그램  (7) 2007.10.03

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사실 위의 내용에 증명할 수 없는 것을 많이 집어넣으면 개인적으로 참 재미있어진다. 하지만 사료로서, 하다 못해서 현대 인류학과 민속학 혹은 종교학으로라도 간접적으로 증명이 안되는 사항을 내 상상대로 넣을 수는 없다. 하지만 추론적으로는 꽤나 그럴듯 하다고 생각된다. 한마디로 누구랑 누구가 사랑을 했을것 같은데, 흑백샤만 혹은 흑백적황샤만과 같은 논란이 되는 분류방법등등... 이런 것을 적으면 소설쓰고 있네라는 소리밖에 못 듣겠지.

 

상상의 나래보다는 어떻게든 관련 사료를 끌어모아서 예쁘게 포장할까 고민중인 바보 역사학도였습다. 크흑..ㅠㅠ

 

 

제 블로그에 자주 오시는 분들은 아시겠지만, 얼마전에 아버지를 모시고 산동을 갔다 왔고, 13일에는 일본으로 날라가서 3월말에는 오는 관계로 방학내내 천천히 할 수 있는 논문들을 13일 전까지 모두 다 끝내야디는 부담감 속에 허우적거리고 있습니다. 그래서 요즘 포스팅도 잘 못하고 있군요. 오히려 일본을 가면 더 자주 포스팅을 할 것 같은 이 왠지 모르게 짜증나는 예상은 멀까요?;;;

蒙鞑备录 (宋)孟珙


  鞑靼始起,地处契丹之西北,族出于沙沱别种,故于历代无闻焉。其种有三,曰黑、曰白、曰生。所谓白鞑靼者,颜貌稍细,为人恭谨而孝,遇父母之丧,则嫠其面而哭。尝与之联辔,每见貌不丑恶,其腮有刀痕者,问曰:“白鞑靼否?”曰:“然。”凡掠中国子女,教成,却之。与人交,言有情。今彼部族之后,其国乃鞑主成吉思之公主必姬权管国事。近者入聘于我宋副使速不罕者,乃白鞑靼也。每联辔间,速不罕未尝不以好语相陪奉慰劳,且曰:“辛苦!无管待,千万勿怪。”所谓生鞑靼者,甚贫且拙,且无能为,但知乘马随众而己。今成吉思皇帝及将相大臣,皆黑鞑靼也。大抵鞑人身不甚长,最长者不过五尺二三,亦无肥厚者。其面横阔而上下有颧骨,眼无上纹,发须绝少,形状颇丑。惟今鞑主忒没真者,其身魁伟而广颡长髯,人物雄壮,所以异也。成吉思乃旧牌子头结娄之子,牌子头者,乃彼国十人之长也。今为创国之主,译曰“成吉思皇帝”,东征西讨,其国强大。
 
  今成吉思皇帝者,甲戌生。彼俗初无庚甲,今考据其言而书之,易于见彼齿岁也。其俗每以草青为一岁,人有问其岁,则曰“几草矣”。亦尝问彼月日,笑而答曰:“初不知之,亦不能记其春与秋也。”每见月圆为一月,见草青迟迟,方知是年有闰月也。成吉思少被金人虏为奴婢者十余年,方逃归,所以尽知金国事宜。其人英勇果决,有度量,能容众,敬天地,重信义,所传“忒没真”者,乃小名尔。初无姓氏,亦无名讳,近年以来有女真叛亡之臣为用,所以译曰“成吉思皇帝”。或曰“成吉思”者,乃译语“天赐”两字也。
 
  鞑国所邻,前有糺族,左右乃沙陀等诸部。旧有蒙古斯国,在金人伪天会间亦尝扰金虏为患,金虏尝与之战,后乃多与金帛和之。按李谅《征蒙记》曰:蒙人尝改元天兴,自称太祖元明皇帝。今鞑人甚朴野,略无制度,珙常讨究于彼,闻蒙已残灭久矣。盖北方之国,或方千里,或方百里,兴衰起灭无常。今鞑之始起,并无文书,凡发命令,遣使往来,止是刻指以记之,为使者虽一字不敢增损,彼国俗也。其俗既朴,则有回鹘为邻,每于两河博易贩卖于其国,迄今文书中自用于他国者,皆用回鹘字,如中国笛谱字也。今二年以来,因金国叛亡降附之臣无地容身,愿为彼用,始教之以文书。于金国往来,却用汉字。去年春,珙每见其所行文字,犹曰“大朝”,又称年号曰“兔儿年”、“龙儿年”,自去年方改曰“庚辰年”,今曰“辛巳年”是也。又慕蒙为雄国,故以国号曰“大蒙古国”,亦女真亡臣教之也。珙亲见其权皇帝摩睺国王,每自称曰“我鞑靼人”。凡彼大臣、元帅皆自称曰“我”,彼亦不知其为蒙,是何等名字,何为国号,何为年号。今所行文书,皆亡臣识字者,强解事以教之耳。《南迁录》载鞑有诏与金国,称“龙虎九年”,非也。以愚观之,更迟年岁,则金虏叛亡之臣必教之撰其诞日以为节,又必教之改年立号也。
 
  成吉思皇帝兄弟凡四人,成吉思居长;大皇弟久已阵亡;二皇弟名便古得那,现在国中;三皇弟名忒没葛真,所统多系自己人马,善战有功。成吉思有子甚多,长子比因破金国,攻打西京云中时阵亡;今第二子却为大太子,名约直;三太子名阿戴;四太子名天娄;五太子名龙孙,皆正后所生。其下又有十数人,乃庶生也。女七人,长公主曰阿其鳖拽,今嫁豹突驸马;二公主曰阿里黑百因,俗曰必姬夫人,曾嫁金国亡臣白四部,死,寡居,令领白鞑靼国事,日逐看经,有妇士数千人事之,凡征伐斩杀,皆自己出;三公主曰阿五,嫁尚书令国舅之子。余未知名。孙男甚众。
 
  元勋乃彼太师、国王没黑助者,小名也。中国人呼曰摩睺罗,彼诏诰则曰“谋合理”,南北之音,轻重所讹也。现封天下兵马大元帅,行省太师、国王。乃黑鞑靼人,十年以来东征西讨,威震夷夏,征伐大事,皆决于己,故曰“权皇帝”。衣服制度,全用天子礼。有兄曰计里歌那,自有千骑,不任事。弟二人,长曰抹歌,现在成吉思处为护卫,次曰带孙归王,每随侍焉。国王每戒所部将士如己兄弟,只以小名称之,不许呼他“国王”。止有一子名袍阿,美容仪,不肯剃婆焦,只裹巾帽,着窄服,能诸国语。其次曰兔花儿太傅国公,声名亚于摩睺罗。又有鹧博者,官亦穹,现随成吉思掌重兵。又其次曰按赤那邪,现封尚书令,乃成吉思正后之弟,部下亦有骑军十余万,所统之人颇循法。鞑人自言随国王者皆恶,随尚书令者皆善也。其次曰刘伯林者,乃燕地云内州人,先为金人统兵头目,奔降鞑主。有子甚勇,而鞑主忒没真长子战死,遂将长子之妃嫁伯林之子,同鞑人破燕京等处,甚有功。伯林昨已封王,近退闲于家,其了现为西京留守。又其次曰大葛相公,乃纪家人,现留守燕京。次曰札八者,乃回鹘人,已老,亦在燕京同任事。燕京等处有纸蝉儿元帅、史元帅、刘元帅等甚众,各有军马,皆听摩睺国王命令。
 
  首相脱合太师者,乃兔花太傅之兄,原女真人,极狡狯,兄弟皆归鞑主为将相。其次鞑人宰相乃卒埒夺合,又有女真七金宰相,余者未知名,率皆女真亡臣。向所传有白俭、李藻者为相,今止见一处有所题曰“白俭提兵至此”,今亦未知存亡。燕京现有移刺晋卿者,契丹人,登第,现为内翰掌文书。又有杨彪者,为吏部尚书。杨藻者,为彼北京留守。珙所见国王之前,有左右司二郎中,使人到,则二人通译其言语,乃金人旧太守,女真人也。
 
  鞑人生长鞍马间,人自习战,自春徂冬,旦旦逐猎,乃其生涯。故无步卒,悉是骑军,起兵数十万。略无文书,自元帅至千户、百户、牌子头传令而行。凡攻大城,先击小郡,掠其人民以供驱使,乃下令曰:“每一骑兵,必欲掠十人。”人足备,则每名需草或柴薪或土石若干。昼夜迫逐,缓者杀之。迫逐填塞濠堑立平,或供鹅洞炮座等用,不惜数万人。以此攻城,壁无不破者。城破,不问老幼、妍丑、贫富、逆顺,皆诛之,略不少恕。凡诸临敌不用命者,虽贵必诛。凡破城守有所得,则以分数均之。自上及下,虽多寡每留分,为成吉思皇帝献,余物则敷俵有差。宰相等在于沙漠不临戎者,亦有其数焉。凡征伐谋议,先定于三、四月间;行于诸国,又于重五宴会,共议今秋所向。各归其国,避暑牧养至八月,咸集于燕都,而后启行。
 
  鞑国地丰水草,宜羊马。其马初生一二年,即于草地苦骑而教之,却养三年,而后再乘骑。故教其初是以不蹄啮也。千马为群,寂无嘶鸣,下马不用控系,亦不走逸,性甚良善。日间未尝刍秣,惟至夜方始牧放之,随其草之青枯野牧之,至晓搭鞍乘骑,并未始与豆粟之类。凡出师人有数马,日轮一骑乘之,故马不困弊。
 
  鞑人地饶水草,宜羊马,其为生涯,止是饮马乳以塞饥渴。凡一牝马之乳,可饱三人。出入止饮马乳,或宰羊为粮。故彼国中有一马者,必有六七羊,谓如有百马者,必有六七百羊群也。如出征于中国,食羊尽,则射兔鹿野豕为食,故屯数十万之师,不举烟火。近年以来掠中国之人为奴婢,必米食而后饱,故乃掠米麦,而于紥寨处亦煮粥而食。彼国亦有一、二处出黑黍米,彼亦解为煮粥。
 
  鞑人在本国时,金虏大定间,燕京及契丹地有谣言云:“鞑靼去,赶得官家没去处”。葛酋雍宛转闻之,惊曰:“必是鞑人为我国患。”乃下令极于穷荒,出兵剿之,每三岁遣兵向北剿杀,谓之“减丁”,迄今中原人尽能记之曰:“二十年前,山东河北谁家不买鞑人为小奴婢,皆诸军掠来者。”今鞑人大臣,当时多有虏掠住于金国者,且其国每岁朝贡,则于塞外受其礼币而遣之,亦不令入境。鞑人逃遁沙漠,怨入骨髓。至伪章宗立,明昌年间不令杀戮,以是鞑人稍稍还本国,添丁长育。章宗又以为患,乃筑新长城在静州之北,以唐古糺人戍之。酋首因唐古糺叛,结即刺都糺、木典糺、咩糺、后典糺等俱叛,金人发兵平之,糺人散走,投于鞑人。且回鹘有田姓者,饶于财,商贩巨万,往来于山东河北,俱言民物繁庶,与糺同说茸达人治兵入寇。忒没真忿其欺凌,以此犯边,边州悉败死。燕虏谓鞑人曰:“我国如海,汝国如一掬沙,岂能动摇?”鞑人至今老幼皆能记此语。虏君臣因其陷西京,始大惊恐,乃竭国中精锐,以忽杀虎元帅统马步五十万迎击之,虏大败。又再刷山东河北等处及随驾护卫等人马三十万,令高琪为大元帅,再败。是以鞑人迫于燕京城下。是战也,罄金虏百年兵力,销折溃散殆尽,其国遂衰。后来凡围河北、山东、燕北诸州等处,虏皆不敢婴其锋。
 
  鞑人袭金虏之俗,亦置领录尚书令、左右相、左右平章等官,亦置太师、元帅等。所佩金牌,第一等贵臣,带两虎相向,曰“虎斗金牌”,用汉字曰“天赐成吉思皇帝圣旨,当便宜行事”。其次素金牌,曰“天赐成吉思皇帝圣旨疾”。又其次乃银牌,文与前同。如成吉思亦行诏敕等书,皆金虏叛臣教之遣发临民者。四曰宣差。逐州守臣皆曰节使。今在于左右,带弓矢执侍,骁勇者曰“护卫”。
 
  鞑人贱老而喜壮,其俗无私斗争。正月一日必拜天,重午亦然,此乃久住燕地,袭金人遗制,饮宴为乐也。摩睺国王每征伐来归,诸夫人连日各为主礼,具酒馔饮宴,在下者亦然。其俗多不洗手,而拿攫鱼肉,手有脂腻,则拭于衣袍上,其衣至损,不解浣濯。妇女往往以黄粉涂额,亦汉旧装传袭,迄今不改也。上至成吉思,下及国人,皆剃婆焦,如中国小儿留三搭头在囟门者,稍长则剪之,在两下者,总小角垂于肩上。
 
  成吉思之仪卫,建大纯白旗以为识认,外此并无他旌幢,惟伞亦用红黄为之。所坐乃金裹龙头胡床,国王者间有用银处,以此为别。其鞍马带上亦以黄金盘龙为饰,国王亦然。今国王止建一白旗,九尾,中有黑月,出师则张云。其下必元师方有一旗,国王止有一鼓,临阵则用之。鞍轿以木为之,极轻巧。弓必一石以上,箭用沙柳为笴。手刀甚轻薄而弯。
 
  彼奉使曰宣差,自皇帝或国王处来者,所过州县及管兵头目处,悉来尊敬。不问官之高卑,皆分庭抗礼,穿戟门,坐于州郡设厅之上,太守亲跪以效勤。宿于黄堂厅事之内,鼓吹旗帜妓乐,郊外送迎之。凡见马则换易,并一行人从悉可换马,谓之“乘铺马”,亦古乘传之意。近使臣到彼国王处,凡相见礼文甚简,言辞甚直,且曰:“你大宋好皇帝,好宰相”。大抵其性淳朴,有太古风。可恨金虏叛亡之臣教之,今乃凿混沌,破彼天真,教以奸计,为可恶也。
 
  凡占卜吉凶,进退杀伐,每用羊骨扇,以铁椎火椎之,看其兆坼以决大事,类龟卜也。凡饮酒,先酬之。其俗最敬天地,每事必称天,闻雷声则恐惧,不敢行师,曰“天叫”也。
 
  其俗出师不以贵贱,多带妻孥而行,自云用以管行李、衣服、钱物之类。其妇女专管张立毡帐,收御鞍马辎重、车驮等物事,极能走马。所衣如中国道服之类。凡诸酋之妻,则有顾姑冠,用铁丝结成,形如竹夫人,长三尺许,用红青锦绣或珠金饰之,其上又有杖一枝,用红青绒饰。又有文袖衣,如中国鹤氅,宽长曳地,行则两女奴拽之。男女杂坐,更相酬劝不禁。北使入于彼国,王者相见了,即命之以酒,同彼妻赖蛮公主,及诸侍姬称夫人者八人,皆共坐。凡诸饮宴,无不同席。所谓诸姬,皆灿白美色,四人乃金虏贵嫔之类,余四人乃鞑人。内四夫人者,甚姝丽,最有宠,皆胡服胡帽而已。
 
  国王出师,亦以女乐随行,率十七八美女,极慧黠,多以十四弦等弹大官乐等,四拍手为节,甚低,其舞甚异。鞑人之俗,主人执盘盏以劝客,客饮,若少留涓滴,则主人者更不接盏。见人饮尽,乃喜。如彼击鞠,止是二十来骑,不多用马者尔,恶其哄闹也。击罢,遣人来请我使人。至,彼乃曰:“今日打球,如何不来?”答曰:“不闻钧旨相请,故不敢来。”国王乃曰:“你来我国中,便是一家人,凡有宴聚打球,或打围出猎,你便来同戏,如何又要人来请唤?”因大笑而罚六杯。终日必大醉而罢。且每饮酒,其俗邻坐更相尝换,若以一手执杯,是令我尝一口,彼方敢饮。若以两手执杯,乃彼与我换杯,我当尽饮彼酒,却酌酒以酬之。以此易醉。凡见外客醉中喧哄失礼,或吐或卧,则大喜曰:“客醉,则与我一心无异也。”我使人相辞之日,国王戒伴使曰:“凡好城子多住几日,有好酒与吃,好茶饭与吃,好笛儿、鼓儿吹着打着。”所说“好城子”,乃好州县也。

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